{"id":596,"date":"2026-07-16T07:24:25","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T07:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openmarkets.me\/?p=596"},"modified":"2026-07-16T17:56:40","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T17:56:40","slug":"596-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/openmarkets.me\/en\/596-2\/","title":{"rendered":"La IED en M\u00e9xico cambi\u00f3 de escala y de origen: qu\u00e9 dicen cuatro d\u00e9cadas de datos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- ============================================================\n     POST \u00b7 IED en M\u00e9xico 1980-2024\n     Versi\u00f3n final: texto revisado + 4 gr\u00e1ficas interactivas + imagen\n     Bloque HTML personalizado \u00daNICO (WordPress \/ WonderBlocks)\n     Sistema visual Export CG \u00b7 tema oscuro\n\n     ANTES DE PUBLICAR:\n     1) Cargar fuentes en el <head> del tema:\n        <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Fraunces:opsz,wght@9..144,600&family=Inter:wght@400;500;600&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n     2) Si el tema ya pinta #0D1117 de fondo, eliminar\n        background:#0D1117 y el border del contenedor de abajo.\n     ============================================================ -->\n<div style=\"max-width:760px;margin:0 auto;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#0D1117;color:#E6EDF3;padding:8px 0;\">\n\n<img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/openmarkets.me\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Imagen-articulo-IED.png?ssl=1\"\n     alt=\"Inversi\u00f3n extranjera directa en M\u00e9xico 1980-2024. Lo que revelan las cifras sobre su evoluci\u00f3n, origen y sectores clave.\"\n     style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;border-radius:8px;border:1px solid #2A3340;margin:0 0 32px;\">\n\n<h1 style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:42px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.15;margin:0 0 24px;letter-spacing:-0.02em;\">La IED en M\u00e9xico cambi\u00f3 de escala y de origen: qu\u00e9 dicen cuatro d\u00e9cadas de datos<\/h1>\n\n<div style=\"border-left:3px solid #2DD4BF;padding-left:20px;margin:0 0 32px;\">\n  <p style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.55;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:500;margin:0;\">Durante 1980-1993, Estados Unidos aport\u00f3 en promedio 61.0% de la inversi\u00f3n extranjera directa que recibi\u00f3 M\u00e9xico. En el promedio de participaciones anuales de 2020-2024, esa proporci\u00f3n fue de 42.7%.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">La disminuci\u00f3n de la participaci\u00f3n estadounidense no implica una ca\u00edda equivalente de sus flujos en t\u00e9rminos absolutos; refleja, principalmente, la mayor participaci\u00f3n de inversiones procedentes de otros pa\u00edses. Ese cambio de composici\u00f3n modifica el mapa de contrapartes para cualquier empresa mexicana que quiera integrarse a las cadenas asociadas a esa inversi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;color:#8B949E;margin:0 0 22px;padding:14px 16px;background:#161B22;border:1px solid #2A3340;border-radius:6px;\">Todas las cifras de este art\u00edculo provienen de la Nota Estrat\u00e9gica No. 278 del Instituto Belisario Dom\u00ednguez (junio 2026), con datos de la Secretar\u00eda de Econom\u00eda. La serie termina en el segundo trimestre de 2024. Cada dato se presenta con su periodo exacto; ver la nota metodol\u00f3gica al final. <span style=\"color:#2DD4BF;\">Las gr\u00e1ficas son interactivas: pasa el cursor \u2014o el dedo\u2014 sobre ellas para ver los valores exactos.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.25;margin:56px 0 20px;letter-spacing:-0.01em;\">El salto de escala coincidi\u00f3 con 1994<\/h2>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Entre 1980 y 1993, M\u00e9xico recibi\u00f3 en promedio aproximadamente <strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">2,539 millones de d\u00f3lares<\/strong> de IED al a\u00f1o. Durante 2021-2023 \u2014los a\u00f1os completos disponibles bajo el T-MEC\u2014 el promedio anual fue de aproximadamente <strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">35,356 millones de d\u00f3lares<\/strong>: cerca de 13.9 veces el nivel del primer periodo.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">La IED pas\u00f3 de 4,900.7 millones de d\u00f3lares en 1993 a 10,646.9 millones en 1994, un aumento anual de 117.3%. El salto de 1994 coincidi\u00f3 con la entrada en vigor del TLCAN y marc\u00f3 un cambio de escala en los flujos de inversi\u00f3n. La fuente no presenta un modelo econom\u00e9trico que permita atribuir ese incremento exclusivamente al tratado.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"margin:36px 0;\"><div id=\"iedTotalWrap\" style=\"max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#0D1117;padding:24px 20px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid #2A3340;position:relative;\">\n\n  <div style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:23px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:8px;\">\n    Antes del TLCAN, M\u00e9xico captaba en un a\u00f1o lo que entre 2021 y 2023 recibi\u00f3 en menos de un mes\n  <\/div>\n  <div style=\"font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.55;margin-bottom:18px;\">\n    Promedio anual de 2,539 mdd durante 1980-1993 frente a 35,356 mdd durante 2021-2023, los a\u00f1os completos disponibles bajo el T-MEC: el equivalente a unos 26 d\u00edas. El salto de 1994 coincidi\u00f3 con la entrada en vigor del TLCAN.\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"position:relative;\">\n  <svg id=\"iedTotalSvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 380\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;background:#161B22;border-radius:6px;touch-action:pan-y;\">\n    <rect x=\"56\" y=\"64\" width=\"206.2\" height=\"272\" fill=\"#2A3340\" opacity=\"0.35\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"262.2\" y=\"64\" width=\"390.3\" height=\"272\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.04\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"652.5\" y=\"64\" width=\"51.5\" height=\"272\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.10\"\/>\n\n    <text x=\"159\" y=\"82\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" letter-spacing=\"0.6\">PRE-TLCAN<\/text>\n    <text x=\"455\" y=\"82\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" letter-spacing=\"0.6\">TLCAN<\/text>\n    <text x=\"678\" y=\"82\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" letter-spacing=\"0.6\">T-MEC<\/text>\n\n    <text x=\"56\" y=\"48\" text-anchor=\"start\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" letter-spacing=\"0.6\">mdd<\/text>\n\n    <g stroke=\"#2A3340\" stroke-width=\"1\">\n      <line x1=\"56\" y1=\"281.6\" x2=\"704\" y2=\"281.6\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"56\" y1=\"227.2\" x2=\"704\" y2=\"227.2\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"56\" y1=\"172.8\" x2=\"704\" y2=\"172.8\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"56\" y1=\"118.4\" x2=\"704\" y2=\"118.4\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <line x1=\"56\" y1=\"336\" x2=\"704\" y2=\"336\" stroke=\"#8B949E\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n\n    <g font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\" text-anchor=\"end\">\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"285\">10,000<\/text>\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"231\">20,000<\/text>\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"176\">30,000<\/text>\n      <text x=\"50\" y=\"122\">40,000<\/text>\n    <\/g>\n\n    <path d=\"M 56.0,327.2 L 70.7,326.7 L 85.5,332.6 L 100.2,332.3 L 114.9,328.2 L 129.6,326.6 L 144.4,322.8 L 159.1,314.9 L 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527.3,217.6 542.0,73.0 556.7,170.9 571.5,140.5 586.2,166.8 600.9,150.9 615.6,150.5 630.4,147.7 645.1,182.5 659.8,153.8 674.5,138.5 689.3,138.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#2DD4BF\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n    <line x1=\"689.3\" y1=\"138.6\" x2=\"704.0\" y2=\"166.9\" stroke=\"#2DD4BF\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 4\"\/>\n\n    <line x1=\"262.2\" y1=\"64\" x2=\"262.2\" y2=\"336\" stroke=\"#8B949E\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"3 4\"\/>\n    <text x=\"267\" y=\"330\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">1994: entra en vigor el TLCAN<\/text>\n\n    <!-- Anotaciones est\u00e1ticas: se aten\u00faan durante el hover -->\n    <g id=\"iedAnn\" style=\"transition:opacity .15s;\">\n      <circle cx=\"542\" cy=\"73\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#E8A33D\"\/>\n      <text x=\"542\" y=\"58\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">M\u00e1ximo hist\u00f3rico: 48,354 mdd (2013)<\/text>\n      <circle cx=\"704\" cy=\"166.9\" r=\"4\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n      <text x=\"700\" y=\"192\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">31,090*<\/text>\n    <\/g>\n\n    <g font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\n      <text x=\"56\" y=\"356\">1980<\/text>\n      <text x=\"262\" y=\"356\">1994<\/text>\n      <text x=\"409\" y=\"356\">2004<\/text>\n      <text x=\"542\" y=\"356\">2013<\/text>\n      <text x=\"704\" y=\"356\">2024*<\/text>\n    <\/g>\n\n    <!-- Capa interactiva -->\n    <line id=\"iedGuide\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"64\" x2=\"0\" y2=\"336\" stroke=\"#8B949E\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"2 3\" opacity=\"0\"\/>\n    <circle id=\"iedDot\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" stroke=\"#0D1117\" stroke-width=\"2\" opacity=\"0\" cx=\"0\" cy=\"0\"\/>\n    <rect id=\"iedHit\" x=\"56\" y=\"64\" width=\"648\" height=\"272\" fill=\"transparent\" style=\"cursor:crosshair;\"\/>\n  <\/svg>\n\n  <!-- Tooltip -->\n  <div id=\"iedTip\" style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;transition:opacity .12s;background:#161B22;border:1px solid #2A3340;border-radius:6px;padding:9px 12px;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.55);white-space:nowrap;z-index:5;\">\n    <div id=\"iedTipP\" style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;letter-spacing:0.4px;margin-bottom:3px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:14px;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">\n      <span id=\"iedTipY\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#8B949E;font-weight:400;\">: <\/span><span id=\"iedTipV\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#8B949E;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;\"> mdd<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-style:italic;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.6;margin-top:12px;\">\n    *2024 incluye \u00fanicamente los dos primeros trimestres (tramo punteado).<br>\n    Fuente: Instituto Belisario Dom\u00ednguez, Senado de la Rep\u00fablica, Nota estrat\u00e9gica No. 278 (2026) \u00b7 An\u00e1lisis: Alejandro Pulido Mor\u00e1n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">La tasa media de crecimiento anual fue de 8.87% durante 1980-1993, de 4.83% durante 1994-2019 excluyendo 2020, y de 4.08% durante 2021-2023. El m\u00e1ximo de la serie se alcanz\u00f3 en 2013 con 48,354.4 millones de d\u00f3lares; el m\u00ednimo en 1982, con 626.5 millones.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#2DD4BF;border:1px solid #2DD4BF;border-radius:3px;padding:2px 7px;margin-right:8px;vertical-align:2px;\">Interpretaci\u00f3n<\/span>Una tasa menor sobre una base mayor no equivale a menor atractivo: 4% sobre flujos superiores a 30 mil millones de d\u00f3lares agrega m\u00e1s inversi\u00f3n en t\u00e9rminos absolutos que 9% sobre los niveles de la d\u00e9cada de 1980. Los datos describen el ritmo; no permiten concluir por s\u00ed solos sobre la calidad de la inversi\u00f3n ni sobre el contenido nacional que genera.<\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.25;margin:56px 0 20px;letter-spacing:-0.01em;\">El origen del capital se diversific\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Estados Unidos se mantuvo como el principal pa\u00eds de origen de la IED durante todo el periodo 1980-2024. Su participaci\u00f3n promedio pas\u00f3 de 61.0% durante 1980-1993 a 48.1% durante 1994-2020 y a 42.7% durante 2020-2024.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Canad\u00e1 recorri\u00f3 el camino inverso: 1.6% durante 1980-1993, 6.4% durante 1994-2020 y 9.3% durante 2020-2024. La participaci\u00f3n del periodo reciente fue aproximadamente 5.8 veces la registrada antes del TLCAN. El resto de los pa\u00edses pas\u00f3 de 37.4% a 45.5% y luego a 48.0%.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"margin:36px 0;\"><div id=\"iedCanWrap\" style=\"max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#0D1117;padding:24px 20px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid #2A3340;position:relative;\">\n\n  <div style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:23px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:8px;\">\n    Canad\u00e1 multiplic\u00f3 casi por seis su participaci\u00f3n en la IED recibida por M\u00e9xico\n  <\/div>\n  <div style=\"font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.55;margin-bottom:18px;\">\n    Promedio de participaciones anuales: 1.6% durante 1980-1993, 6.4% durante 1994-2020 y 9.3% durante 2020-2024. Serie de flujos anuales en millones de d\u00f3lares.\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"position:relative;\">\n  <svg id=\"iedCanSvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 380\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;background:#161B22;border-radius:6px;touch-action:pan-y;\">\n    <rect x=\"56\" y=\"64\" width=\"206.2\" height=\"272\" fill=\"#2A3340\" opacity=\"0.35\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"262.2\" y=\"64\" width=\"390.3\" height=\"272\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.04\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"652.5\" y=\"64\" width=\"51.5\" height=\"272\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.10\"\/>\n\n    <text x=\"159\" y=\"82\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" letter-spacing=\"0.6\">PRE-TLCAN<\/text>\n    <text x=\"455\" y=\"82\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" letter-spacing=\"0.6\">TLCAN<\/text>\n    <text x=\"678\" y=\"82\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" 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width=\"8.9\" height=\"109.2\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.45\"\/>\n\n    <line x1=\"262.2\" y1=\"64\" x2=\"262.2\" y2=\"336\" stroke=\"#8B949E\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"3 4\"\/>\n    <text x=\"267\" y=\"112\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">1994: entra en vigor el TLCAN<\/text>\n\n    <g id=\"canAnn\" style=\"transition:opacity .15s;\"><text x=\"570\" y=\"86\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">M\u00e1ximo: 5,342 mdd (2013)<\/text><\/g>\n\n    <line id=\"canGuide\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"64\" x2=\"0\" y2=\"336\" stroke=\"#8B949E\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-dasharray=\"2 3\" opacity=\"0\"\/>\n    <rect id=\"canHi\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"8.9\" height=\"0\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\" opacity=\"0\"\/>\n    <rect id=\"canHit\" x=\"47\" y=\"64\" width=\"666\" height=\"272\" fill=\"transparent\" style=\"cursor:crosshair;\"\/>\n\n    <g font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\n      <text x=\"56\" y=\"356\">1980<\/text>\n      <text x=\"262\" y=\"356\">1994<\/text>\n      <text x=\"409\" y=\"356\">2004<\/text>\n      <text x=\"542\" y=\"356\">2013<\/text>\n      <text x=\"712\" y=\"356\" text-anchor=\"end\">2024*<\/text>\n    <\/g>\n  <\/svg>\n\n  <div id=\"canTip\" style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;transition:opacity .12s;background:#161B22;border:1px solid #2A3340;border-radius:6px;padding:9px 12px;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.55);white-space:nowrap;z-index:5;\">\n    <div id=\"canTipP\" style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;letter-spacing:0.4px;margin-bottom:3px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:14px;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">\n      <span id=\"canTipY\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#8B949E;font-weight:400;\">: <\/span><span id=\"canTipV\"><\/span><span style=\"color:#8B949E;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;\"> mdd<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-style:italic;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.6;margin-top:12px;\">\n    *2024 incluye \u00fanicamente los dos primeros trimestres (barra atenuada).<br>\n    Fuente: Instituto Belisario Dom\u00ednguez, Senado de la Rep\u00fablica, Nota estrat\u00e9gica No. 278 (2026) \u00b7 An\u00e1lisis: Alejandro Pulido Mor\u00e1n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 14px;\">En el <strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">ranking consolidado 2020-2024<\/strong> publicado por la fuente, los cinco principales pa\u00edses de origen fueron:<\/p>\n\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0 0 12px;font-size:16px;\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#8B949E;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.6px;text-transform:uppercase;\">Pa\u00eds de origen<\/th><th style=\"text-align:right;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#8B949E;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.6px;text-transform:uppercase;\">% del total, ranking 2020-2024<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Estados Unidos<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#2DD4BF;font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">46.1%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Canad\u00e1<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">8.4%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Espa\u00f1a<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">7.8%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Jap\u00f3n<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">7.3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Alemania<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">6.6%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n<div style=\"margin:0 0 28px;padding:18px 20px;background:#161B22;border:1px solid #E8A33D;border-radius:6px;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#E8A33D;margin-bottom:10px;\">Dos cifras que no deben mezclarse<\/div>\n  <p style=\"font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;color:#8B949E;margin:0;\">El 42.7% de Estados Unidos y el 46.1% de la tabla anterior no son directamente comparables. El primero es el promedio simple de las participaciones anuales durante 2020-2024; el segundo corresponde al ranking consolidado publicado para ese mismo periodo. Lo mismo aplica a Canad\u00e1: 9.3% en el promedio de participaciones anuales frente a 8.4% en el ranking consolidado. El documento no explica completamente la diferencia metodol\u00f3gica, por lo que cada cifra debe identificarse seg\u00fan el cuadro del que procede.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#2DD4BF;border:1px solid #2DD4BF;border-radius:3px;padding:2px 7px;margin-right:8px;vertical-align:2px;\">Implicaci\u00f3n<\/span>Una estrategia comercial orientada exclusivamente a corporativos estadounidenses deja fuera una proporci\u00f3n creciente del capital extranjero instalado en M\u00e9xico. Como consideraci\u00f3n comercial general \u2014no como resultado del documento\u2014, atender a inversionistas de distinto origen suele implicar diferencias en procesos de homologaci\u00f3n, requisitos documentales y criterios de evaluaci\u00f3n de proveedores. Conviene verificarlos caso por caso en lugar de asumir comportamientos homog\u00e9neos por nacionalidad.<\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.25;margin:56px 0 20px;letter-spacing:-0.01em;\">Los servicios aumentaron su participaci\u00f3n relativa<\/h2>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">En la comparaci\u00f3n sectorial publicada por la fuente, el sector industrial represent\u00f3 69.8% durante 2014-2020 y 55.7% durante 2020-2024. Los servicios pasaron de 29.7% a 43.6%. <strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">La participaci\u00f3n promedio de los servicios fue 13.9 puntos porcentuales mayor en el bloque 2020-2024 que en el bloque 2014-2020.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;color:#8B949E;margin:0 0 22px;\">Los bloques se superponen en 2020 y no se trata de una variaci\u00f3n entre dos a\u00f1os separados por cuatro a\u00f1os. El dato describe una mayor participaci\u00f3n relativa de los servicios; no prueba por s\u00ed mismo que M\u00e9xico se est\u00e9 desindustrializando ni que los servicios hayan crecido a una tasa superior a la de la industria.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"margin:36px 0;\"><div id=\"sectWrap\" style=\"max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#0D1117;padding:24px 20px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid #2A3340;position:relative;\">\n\n  <div style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:23px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:8px;\">\n    La participaci\u00f3n de los servicios fue 13.9 puntos porcentuales mayor en 2020-2024 que en 2014-2020\n  <\/div>\n  <div style=\"font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.55;margin-bottom:18px;\">\n    Participaci\u00f3n promedio de cada sector por bloque de la fuente. Industrial: 69.8% en 2014-2020 y 55.7% en 2020-2024. Servicios: 29.7% y 43.6%. Los bloques se superponen en 2020.\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"position:relative;\">\n  <svg id=\"sectSvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 380\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;background:#161B22;border-radius:6px;touch-action:pan-y;\">\n\n    <!-- Leyenda -->\n    <g font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" letter-spacing=\"0.4\">\n      <rect x=\"100\" y=\"34\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n      <text x=\"116\" y=\"43\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">INDUSTRIAL<\/text>\n      <rect x=\"196\" y=\"34\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n      <text x=\"212\" y=\"43\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">SERVICIOS<\/text>\n      <rect x=\"292\" y=\"34\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n      <text x=\"308\" y=\"43\" fill=\"#8B949E\">AGROPECUARIO Y OTROS<\/text>\n    <\/g>\n\n    <!-- Escala superior -->\n    <g stroke=\"#2A3340\" stroke-width=\"1\">\n      <line x1=\"100\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"100\" y2=\"336\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"225\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"225\" y2=\"336\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"350\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"350\" y2=\"336\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"475\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"475\" y2=\"336\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"600\" y1=\"56\" x2=\"600\" y2=\"336\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <rect id=\"sectHi\" x=\"100\" y=\"0\" width=\"500\" height=\"20\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E6EDF3\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" rx=\"2\" opacity=\"0\"\/>\n    <rect id=\"sectHit\" x=\"100\" y=\"56\" width=\"500\" height=\"280\" fill=\"transparent\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\"\/>\n\n    <g font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\n      <text x=\"100\" y=\"352\">0%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"225\" y=\"352\">25%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"350\" y=\"352\">50%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"475\" y=\"352\">75%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"600\" y=\"352\">100%<\/text>\n    <\/g>\n\n    <!-- Barras -->\n    <!-- 1980-1986 -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"67.2\" width=\"392.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"492.5\" y=\"67.2\" width=\"77.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"570\" y=\"67.2\" width=\"30\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"81.2\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">1980\u20131986<\/text>\n    <text x=\"296\" y=\"81.2\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">78.5%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"81.2\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">15.5% serv.<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 1987-1993 -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"101.7\" width=\"197\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"297\" y=\"101.7\" width=\"240.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"537.5\" y=\"101.7\" width=\"62.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"115.8\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">1987\u20131993<\/text>\n    <text x=\"198\" y=\"115.8\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">39.4%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"115.8\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">48.1% serv.<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 1994-1998 -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"136.2\" width=\"284.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"384.5\" y=\"136.2\" width=\"214.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"599\" y=\"136.2\" width=\"1\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"150.2\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">1994\u20131998<\/text>\n    <text x=\"242\" y=\"150.2\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">56.9%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"150.2\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">42.9% serv.<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 1999-2003 -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"170.7\" width=\"242.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"342.5\" y=\"170.7\" width=\"255.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"598\" y=\"170.7\" width=\"2\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"184.8\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">1999\u20132003<\/text>\n    <text x=\"221\" y=\"184.8\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">48.5%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"184.8\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">51.1% serv.<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 2004-2008 -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"205.2\" width=\"296\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"396\" y=\"205.2\" width=\"203.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"599.5\" y=\"205.2\" width=\"0.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"219.2\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">2004\u20132008<\/text>\n    <text x=\"248\" y=\"219.2\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">59.2%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"219.2\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">40.7% serv.<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 2009-2013 -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"239.7\" width=\"352\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"452\" y=\"239.7\" width=\"145\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"597\" y=\"239.7\" width=\"3\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"253.8\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">2009\u20132013<\/text>\n    <text x=\"276\" y=\"253.8\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">70.4%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"253.8\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">29.0% serv.<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 2014-2020 -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"274.2\" width=\"349\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"449\" y=\"274.2\" width=\"148.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"597.5\" y=\"274.2\" width=\"2.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"288.2\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">2014\u20132020<\/text>\n    <text x=\"274\" y=\"288.2\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">69.8%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"288.2\" font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\">29.7% serv.<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 2020-2024 \u00b7 barra de acento -->\n    <rect x=\"100\" y=\"308.7\" width=\"278.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#E8A33D\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"378.5\" y=\"308.7\" width=\"218\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#E8A33D\" opacity=\"0.42\"\/>\n    <rect x=\"596.5\" y=\"308.7\" width=\"3.5\" height=\"20\" fill=\"#2A3340\"\/>\n    <text x=\"92\" y=\"322.8\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">2020\u20132024<\/text>\n    <text x=\"239\" y=\"322.8\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"12\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#0D1117\">55.7%<\/text>\n    <text x=\"612\" y=\"322.8\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E8A33D\">43.6% serv.<\/text>\n  <\/svg>\n\n  <div id=\"sectTip\" style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;transition:opacity .12s;background:#161B22;border:1px solid #2A3340;border-radius:6px;padding:10px 12px;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.55);white-space:nowrap;z-index:5;min-width:150px;\">\n    <div id=\"sectTipT\" style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;letter-spacing:0.4px;margin-bottom:7px;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:13px;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.6;\">\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;\"><span style=\"color:#8B949E;\">Industrial<\/span><span id=\"sectTipI\" style=\"font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\"><\/span><\/div>\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;\"><span style=\"color:#8B949E;\">Servicios<\/span><span id=\"sectTipS\" style=\"font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\"><\/span><\/div>\n      <div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;\"><span style=\"color:#8B949E;\">Agrop. y otros<\/span><span id=\"sectTipO\" style=\"font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\"><\/span><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-style:italic;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.6;margin-top:12px;\">\n    Participaci\u00f3n promedio de cada sector en la IED total del periodo. 2020\u20132024 incluye s\u00f3lo el primer semestre de 2024. Los cortes provienen del resumen narrativo de la fuente y no siempre empatan con las tablas anuales.<br>\n    Fuente: Instituto Belisario Dom\u00ednguez, Senado de la Rep\u00fablica, Nota estrat\u00e9gica No. 278 (2026) \u00b7 An\u00e1lisis: Alejandro Pulido Mor\u00e1n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Dentro de la IED en servicios durante 2020-2024, la fuente reporta tres actividades dominantes: servicios financieros y de seguros con 49.1%, transporte, correos y almacenamiento con 19.0%, y alojamiento temporal y preparaci\u00f3n de alimentos y bebidas con 14.2%. En conjunto concentran 82.3% de la IED en servicios del periodo.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#2DD4BF;border:1px solid #2DD4BF;border-radius:3px;padding:2px 7px;margin-right:8px;vertical-align:2px;\">Hip\u00f3tesis<\/span>Estas actividades pueden formar parte del ecosistema que acompa\u00f1a la expansi\u00f3n industrial, aunque las cifras agregadas no permiten atribuir toda esa inversi\u00f3n directamente al nearshoring o a nuevas plantas. Bajo esa lectura, las oportunidades vinculadas a la IED no se limitar\u00edan a quien fabrica componentes: alcanzar\u00edan tambi\u00e9n a log\u00edstica, software, consultor\u00eda, construcci\u00f3n especializada, mantenimiento industrial, seguridad, capacitaci\u00f3n y an\u00e1lisis de datos. Es una hip\u00f3tesis de trabajo, no un resultado del documento.<\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.25;margin:56px 0 20px;letter-spacing:-0.01em;\">Equipo de transporte domina la IED manufacturera<\/h2>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Durante 2020-2024, la fabricaci\u00f3n de equipo de transporte capt\u00f3 37.1% de la IED manufacturera. La segunda actividad \u2014industria de las bebidas y del tabaco\u2014 capt\u00f3 13.9%.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;color:#8B949E;margin:0 0 22px;\">&#8220;Fabricaci\u00f3n de equipo de transporte&#8221; es la categor\u00eda oficial de la fuente. El sector automotor es una parte relevante de ella, pero la clasificaci\u00f3n no equivale a la industria automotriz en su totalidad.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"margin:36px 0;\"><div id=\"manuWrap\" style=\"max-width:720px;margin:0 auto;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,'Segoe UI',Helvetica,sans-serif;background:#0D1117;padding:24px 20px;border-radius:10px;border:1px solid #2A3340;position:relative;\">\n\n  <div style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:23px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:8px;\">\n    Equipo de transporte concentra cerca de cuatro de cada diez d\u00f3lares de la IED manufacturera\n  <\/div>\n  <div style=\"font-size:14px;font-weight:400;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.55;margin-bottom:18px;\">\n    Participaci\u00f3n promedio durante 2020-2024: la fabricaci\u00f3n de equipo de transporte registr\u00f3 37.1%, frente a 13.9% de la segunda actividad. La categor\u00eda oficial incluye al sector automotor, pero no se limita a \u00e9l.\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"position:relative;\">\n  <svg id=\"manuSvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" style=\"width:100%;height:auto;display:block;background:#161B22;border-radius:6px;touch-action:pan-y;\">\n\n    <text x=\"250\" y=\"36\" font-size=\"11\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#8B949E\" letter-spacing=\"0.6\">% DE LA IED MANUFACTURERA \u00b7 PROMEDIO 2020\u20132024<\/text>\n\n    <!-- Gridlines verticales de escala -->\n    <g stroke=\"#2A3340\" stroke-width=\"1\">\n      <line x1=\"352.5\" y1=\"52\" x2=\"352.5\" y2=\"300\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"455\" y1=\"52\" x2=\"455\" y2=\"300\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"557.5\" y1=\"52\" x2=\"557.5\" y2=\"300\"\/>\n      <line x1=\"660\" y1=\"52\" x2=\"660\" y2=\"300\"\/>\n    <\/g>\n    <line x1=\"250\" y1=\"52\" x2=\"250\" y2=\"300\" stroke=\"#8B949E\" stroke-width=\"1\"\/>\n\n    <rect id=\"manuHi\" x=\"248\" y=\"0\" width=\"0\" height=\"31.3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E6EDF3\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" rx=\"2\" opacity=\"0\"\/>\n    <rect id=\"manuHit\" x=\"60\" y=\"52\" width=\"620\" height=\"248\" fill=\"transparent\" style=\"cursor:pointer;\"\/>\n\n    <g font-size=\"11\" fill=\"#8B949E\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\n      <text x=\"250\" y=\"318\">0%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"352.5\" y=\"318\">10%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"455\" y=\"318\">20%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"557.5\" y=\"318\">30%<\/text>\n      <text x=\"660\" y=\"318\">40%<\/text>\n    <\/g>\n\n    <!-- 1 \u00b7 Equipo de transporte (acento) -->\n    <rect x=\"250\" y=\"63.2\" width=\"380.3\" height=\"27.3\" fill=\"#E8A33D\"\/>\n    <text x=\"242\" y=\"80.8\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">Equipo de transporte<\/text>\n    <text x=\"638.3\" y=\"80.8\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E8A33D\">37.1%<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 2 \u00b7 Bebidas y tabaco -->\n    <rect x=\"250\" y=\"112.8\" width=\"142.5\" height=\"27.3\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <text x=\"242\" y=\"130.4\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">Bebidas y tabaco<\/text>\n    <text x=\"400.5\" y=\"130.4\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">13.9%<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 3 \u00b7 Met\u00e1licas b\u00e1sicas -->\n    <rect x=\"250\" y=\"162.4\" width=\"93.3\" height=\"27.3\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <text x=\"242\" y=\"180\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">Industrias met\u00e1licas b\u00e1sicas<\/text>\n    <text x=\"351.3\" y=\"180\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">9.1%<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 4 \u00b7 C\u00f3mputo y electr\u00f3nicos -->\n    <rect x=\"250\" y=\"212\" width=\"86.1\" height=\"27.3\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <text x=\"242\" y=\"229.6\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">C\u00f3mputo y electr\u00f3nicos<\/text>\n    <text x=\"344.1\" y=\"229.6\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">8.4%<\/text>\n\n    <!-- 5 \u00b7 Qu\u00edmica -->\n    <rect x=\"250\" y=\"261.6\" width=\"85.1\" height=\"27.3\" fill=\"#2DD4BF\"\/>\n    <text x=\"242\" y=\"279.2\" text-anchor=\"end\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">Industria qu\u00edmica<\/text>\n    <text x=\"343.1\" y=\"279.2\" font-size=\"13\" font-weight=\"600\" fill=\"#E6EDF3\">8.3%<\/text>\n  <\/svg>\n\n  <div id=\"manuTip\" style=\"position:absolute;pointer-events:none;opacity:0;transition:opacity .12s;background:#161B22;border:1px solid #2A3340;border-radius:6px;padding:10px 12px;box-shadow:0 6px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.55);z-index:5;max-width:270px;\">\n    <div id=\"manuTipN\" style=\"font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:6px;\"><\/div>\n    <div style=\"font-size:11px;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.5;\">\n      <span id=\"manuTipV\" style=\"color:#2DD4BF;font-weight:600;font-size:15px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\"><\/span>\n      <span> de la IED manufacturera<\/span><br>\n      <span id=\"manuTipR\"><\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-style:italic;color:#8B949E;line-height:1.6;margin-top:12px;\">\n    Participaci\u00f3n promedio en la IED de industrias manufactureras, 2020\u20132024. 2024 incluye s\u00f3lo el primer semestre. El top 5 suma 76.8%; el resto se reparte entre las dem\u00e1s ramas.<br>\n    Fuente: Instituto Belisario Dom\u00ednguez, Senado de la Rep\u00fablica, Nota estrat\u00e9gica No. 278 (2026) \u00b7 An\u00e1lisis: Alejandro Pulido Mor\u00e1n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<table style=\"width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;margin:0 0 22px;font-size:16px;\"><thead><tr><th style=\"text-align:left;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#8B949E;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.6px;text-transform:uppercase;\">Industria manufacturera<\/th><th style=\"text-align:right;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#8B949E;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.6px;text-transform:uppercase;\">% IED manufacturera, 2020-2024<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Fabricaci\u00f3n de equipo de transporte<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#2DD4BF;font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">37.1%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Industria de las bebidas y del tabaco<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">13.9%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Industrias met\u00e1licas b\u00e1sicas<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">9.1%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Equipo de computaci\u00f3n, comunicaci\u00f3n y electr\u00f3nicos<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">8.4%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;color:#E6EDF3;\">Industria qu\u00edmica<\/td><td style=\"padding:11px 0;border-bottom:1px solid #2A3340;text-align:right;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:400;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;\">8.3%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Las cinco principales actividades concentran 76.8% de la IED manufacturera del periodo. La fabricaci\u00f3n de equipo de transporte mantiene una posici\u00f3n dominante dentro de la IED manufacturera, aunque existen oportunidades relevantes en bebidas, metales, electr\u00f3nica y qu\u00edmica.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\"><span style=\"display:inline-block;font-size:10px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:0.8px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#2DD4BF;border:1px solid #2DD4BF;border-radius:3px;padding:2px 7px;margin-right:8px;vertical-align:2px;\">Implicaci\u00f3n<\/span>La elevada participaci\u00f3n de equipo de transporte representa oportunidades para proveedores, pero tambi\u00e9n una exposici\u00f3n a ciclos sectoriales, cambios regulatorios y reglas de origen: dos fuentes de riesgo que pueden superponerse y amplificar la exposici\u00f3n de una empresa altamente concentrada en el sector. La diversificaci\u00f3n hacia bebidas, qu\u00edmicos, metales y electr\u00f3nica puede reducir la dependencia de una sola industria para empresas con capacidades transferibles.<\/p>\n\n<h2 style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.25;margin:56px 0 20px;letter-spacing:-0.01em;\">Cinco movimientos para integrarse<\/h2>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:1.65;color:#8B949E;margin:0 0 28px;\">Las siguientes recomendaciones son implicaciones estrat\u00e9gicas derivadas del an\u00e1lisis, no resultados estad\u00edsticos de la fuente.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"margin:0 0 28px;\"><div style=\"display:flex;gap:18px;margin:0 0 24px;align-items:flex-start;\">\n  <div style=\"flex:0 0 32px;font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;line-height:1.1;\">1<\/div>\n  <div style=\"flex:1;\"><p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0;\"><strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">Preparar la documentaci\u00f3n antes de la solicitud de cotizaci\u00f3n.<\/strong> La incorporaci\u00f3n a una cadena de suministro toma meses. Informaci\u00f3n financiera, capacidad instalada documentada, tolerancias, certificaciones y evidencia de cumplimiento de entregas conviene tenerlos listos antes de la primera conversaci\u00f3n.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><div style=\"display:flex;gap:18px;margin:0 0 24px;align-items:flex-start;\">\n  <div style=\"flex:0 0 32px;font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;line-height:1.1;\">2<\/div>\n  <div style=\"flex:1;\"><p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0;\"><strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">Convertir capacidad t\u00e9cnica en propuesta comercial.<\/strong> Muchas empresas mexicanas tienen la operaci\u00f3n pero no el material que la explica: qu\u00e9 procesos realiza, qu\u00e9 tolerancias cumple, qu\u00e9 capacidad instalada tiene, qu\u00e9 problema resuelve.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><div style=\"display:flex;gap:18px;margin:0 0 24px;align-items:flex-start;\">\n  <div style=\"flex:0 0 32px;font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;line-height:1.1;\">3<\/div>\n  <div style=\"flex:1;\"><p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0;\"><strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">Monitorear anuncios de inversi\u00f3n como se\u00f1ales comerciales tempranas.<\/strong> Un anuncio de ampliaci\u00f3n o nueva planta antecede a las compras. Conviene mapear no s\u00f3lo al inversionista, sino a sus proveedores Tier 1, constructoras, operadores log\u00edsticos y administradores de parques industriales. No todos los anuncios se traducen en procesos de compra abiertos a proveedores locales.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><div style=\"display:flex;gap:18px;margin:0 0 24px;align-items:flex-start;\">\n  <div style=\"flex:0 0 32px;font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;line-height:1.1;\">4<\/div>\n  <div style=\"flex:1;\"><p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0;\"><strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">Diversificar por sector y por pa\u00eds de origen.<\/strong> Espa\u00f1a, Jap\u00f3n y Alemania suman 21.7% dentro del ranking de origen de la IED para 2020-2024, aproximadamente 2.6 veces la participaci\u00f3n atribuida a Canad\u00e1 en ese mismo ranking. La participaci\u00f3n en la IED no equivale al tama\u00f1o del mercado ni al volumen de compras de esas empresas; es un indicador de d\u00f3nde se est\u00e1 instalando capital.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><div style=\"display:flex;gap:18px;margin:0 0 24px;align-items:flex-start;\">\n  <div style=\"flex:0 0 32px;font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:#2DD4BF;line-height:1.1;\">5<\/div>\n  <div style=\"flex:1;\"><p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0;\"><strong style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">Competir por confiabilidad, no s\u00f3lo por precio.<\/strong> Cumplimiento de entregas, trazabilidad, documentaci\u00f3n de procesos y reducci\u00f3n de riesgo son criterios habituales de evaluaci\u00f3n. Reducir la concentraci\u00f3n de ingresos en un solo cliente o sector protege ante ciclos y cambios regulatorios.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 style=\"font-family:Fraunces,Georgia,serif;font-size:30px;font-weight:600;color:#E6EDF3;line-height:1.25;margin:56px 0 20px;letter-spacing:-0.01em;\">La pregunta no es cu\u00e1nto llega<\/h2>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Estados Unidos contin\u00faa siendo el principal origen individual de la IED que recibe M\u00e9xico, pero su participaci\u00f3n relativa se ha reducido conforme se diversific\u00f3 la procedencia del capital. La manufactura sigue siendo el eje de la inversi\u00f3n industrial, y los servicios financieros, de transporte y de alojamiento ganaron participaci\u00f3n relativa dentro de la IED durante el bloque 2020-2024.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">El impacto de la inversi\u00f3n extranjera no se mide \u00fanicamente por el monto que ingresa. La IED no garantiza por s\u00ed misma transferencia tecnol\u00f3gica, desarrollo de proveedores ni mayor contenido nacional: esos resultados dependen de las capacidades que existan del lado mexicano cuando la inversi\u00f3n llega.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"font-size:17px;line-height:1.7;color:#E6EDF3;margin:0 0 22px;\">Las ventajas de costo y la coyuntura del nearshoring dependen de decisiones tomadas fuera de M\u00e9xico. La ventaja sostenible se construye adentro, y consiste en capacidades comerciales, t\u00e9cnicas y operativas documentadas antes de que el comprador pregunte.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"border-left:3px solid #E8A33D;padding-left:20px;margin:36px 0 8px;\">\n  <p style=\"font-size:20px;line-height:1.55;color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:500;margin:0;\">Para las empresas mexicanas, la pregunta relevante no es cu\u00e1nta inversi\u00f3n llegar\u00e1. Es qu\u00e9 tienen listo para el d\u00eda que llegue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"margin:56px 0 0;padding:24px;background:#161B22;border:1px solid #2A3340;border-radius:8px;\">\n  <div style=\"font-size:11px;font-weight:600;color:#8B949E;letter-spacing:0.6px;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:14px;\">Nota metodol\u00f3gica<\/div>\n  <p style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:#8B949E;margin:0 0 12px;\">Todas las cifras provienen de la Nota Estrat\u00e9gica No. 278 del Instituto Belisario Dom\u00ednguez, Senado de la Rep\u00fablica (Del R\u00edo, J., junio 2026), elaborada con informaci\u00f3n de la Secretar\u00eda de Econom\u00eda. El archivo de trabajo derivado de sus cuadros se utiliz\u00f3 \u00fanicamente como herramienta de verificaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n  <ul style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;color:#8B949E;margin:0;padding-left:18px;\">\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">El a\u00f1o 2024 comprende \u00fanicamente los dos primeros trimestres y no debe compararse con a\u00f1os completos. La serie termina en el segundo trimestre de 2024, aunque el documento fue publicado en junio de 2026: las cifras no describen la situaci\u00f3n vigente en 2026.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Los periodos utilizados cambian seg\u00fan el indicador. La fuente excluye 2020 del c\u00e1lculo de la TMCA del TLCAN por el impacto de la pandemia, y toma 2021 como inicio del periodo T-MEC para ese mismo c\u00e1lculo.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">2020 es un a\u00f1o de transici\u00f3n \u2014el T-MEC entr\u00f3 en vigor en su tercer trimestre\u2014 y aparece tanto en bloques del TLCAN como del T-MEC seg\u00fan el cuadro.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">Las participaciones geogr\u00e1ficas de 42.7% y 46.1% para Estados Unidos, as\u00ed como 9.3% y 8.4% para Canad\u00e1, proceden de c\u00e1lculos distintos: promedio de participaciones anuales el primero, ranking consolidado el segundo. No deben mezclarse sin explicaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n    <li style=\"margin-bottom:8px;\">La fuente presenta diferencias entre la IED total y la suma de algunos desgloses sectoriales. Las cifras se conservan como fueron publicadas, sin ajustes.<\/li>\n    <li>Los bloques sectoriales 2014-2020 y 2020-2024 se superponen en 2020; las diferencias en puntos porcentuales entre ambos no equivalen a una variaci\u00f3n entre a\u00f1os consecutivos.<\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n<div style=\"margin:28px 0 0;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid #2A3340;\">\n  <p style=\"font-size:13px;color:#8B949E;margin:0;line-height:1.6;\">An\u00e1lisis: <span style=\"color:#E6EDF3;font-weight:600;\">Alejandro Pulido Mor\u00e1n<\/span> \u00b7 Socio y L\u00edder de Estrategia, Export CG<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<!-- ==== Scripts de las 4 gr\u00e1ficas interactivas ==== -->\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n  var D=[{y:1980,v:1622.6,x:56.0,cy:327.2,p:\"Antes del TLCAN\"},{y:1981,v:1701.1,x:70.7,cy:326.7,p:\"Antes del TLCAN\"},{y:1982,v:626.5,x:85.5,cy:332.6,p:\"Antes del TLCAN\"},{y:1983,v:683.7,x:100.2,cy:332.3,p:\"Antes del TLCAN\"},{y:1984,v:1429.8,x:114.9,cy:328.2,p:\"Antes del 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